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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained wooden window mechnism repair is an essential part of a historic building. It reflects, in various levels, the materials and technologies of the time it was constructed, the design and craftsmanship.

If repairs are possible to windows that are already in use should be done in situ. Repairing the most deteriorated areas of decay can be done by using specialized resin-based systems.

Durability

Timber windows were built to last for hundreds of years. However, they need to be maintained to ensure that they look good and operating properly. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cords and retightening sash pulleys and painting. The need to upgrade timber windows to improve efficiency and energy efficiency is also increasing. This can include replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates, or installing new cills for improved air seal.

One of the major issues with traditional windows is the damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is particularly true when sash windows are involved as the gaps between the sashes can be very large. In these instances water can get into paint film and cause rotting of the wood or putty underneath. The rotting process can be made worse by weather conditions that are not ideal. To avoid this, windows should be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint that is suitable.

In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded should be repaired with the help of a resin-based repair solution. This will ensure that the best possible amount of the original fabric is retained. It is crucial to reduce the number of holes that are made into the frame to allow cable entry, since they can let in moisture and cause decay.

Another issue with older windows is the structural movement within the wall that can lead to deformation of the frame and sash. This can lead to the sash not fitting properly, jamming or sticking in the opening, or breaking glass. Often this can be corrected by the fitting of new sash boxes that have been constructed from slow-growing deal (pine) or oak. The cill should be constructed of a durable hardwood like oak to avoid any movement between the new and existing work.

There are a variety of companies that make Boston pattern wooden sash that fit into the majority of existing openings. These sash are available in a range of sizes and finishes to meet the needs of the modern homeowner. The new sash, coupled with quadruple draft strips and a more efficient thermal insulation, could make a significant difference to the efficiency of a home's energy use.

Aesthetics

Many old timber windows have a high aesthetic value as they often show, in a particular way, the materials and technology and architectural taste of the time in which they originate. They may have significant historical value as a set. This is especially true of early windows that were not double glazed door repairs in timber-framed buildings, where the majority were series openings in structural frames subdivided horizontally by mullions with vertical iron or wood bars in order to keep out invaders.

Traditional timber window joinery can be a stunning element of a structure and is essential to keep it looking good. As soon as you see any signs of decay due to the penetration of moisture it is crucial to stop it. This can be done by a thorough painting process, especially in areas where there has already been damage or deterioration. It is recommended to choose paints that are intended to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish), and to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for preparation and number coats at each stage.

The fungus that causes wet rot can quickly spread in old windows made of wood. To prevent this from happening, get rid of any rotten or damaged parts as quickly as you can. Replace the wood that is rotting with slow-growing deal (pine) and, if possible, the same kind of timber that is being removed to prevent differential movement.

In the late medieval and 17th century periods glass became more affordable and plentiful so that glazed openings in timber-framed buildings gradually became more sophisticated with wooden tracery, moulded mullions and deep projection cills. In the past, more often, the glass was placed within frames with rebates and secured by 'glazing sprigs' rather than being inserted into lead cames. This method of glazing is not just less prone to leaks but also allows for much wider clearer, more transparent sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise be possible without the need for leaded lights.

Energy efficiency

Traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness and multilayer construction as well as attention to particulars. They also feature large glass areas as well as deep projection cills which reduce air infiltration. The windows can be made to increase their energy efficiency with draught-proofing and secondary glazing. It is essential to keep in mind that these measures must be taken into consideration when it comes to the overall integrity and appearance of the original windows.

So, retaining existing historic windows that require repair instead of replacing them is logical, particularly when their thermal enhancements can be made economically through simple repairs and upgrades. Older windows typically have an historic value that illustrates a variety of technological advances and changes in architectural tastes. Most people think that these windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, many of them can still provide service for 150, 200, or even 250 years with proper maintenance.

It is crucial to understand that decay problems in traditional timber windows are easily prevented with timely and thorough repairs. Additionally, it is essential to recognize damp penetration issues and to remedy them quickly to avoid serious damage. Paint deterioration that occurs early is a concern because it allows moisture to get into the wood, which can cause wet rot. This damage is often not evident until the paintwork becomes wavy or cracked but it can cause severe structural damage and can lead to further decay.

A good quality paint will stop this moisture from entering. It is also essential to keep the paintwork clean in order to prevent condensation and mould growth. Modern synthetic paints can pose a problem, as they are often made to be water-resistant which can lead to the formation of mildew inside the window frame.

Most older windows were made of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers are susceptible to deterioration quickly when exposed to moist weather, but can be preserved with an extensive preservative treatment prior to when they are used. It is essential to select the right type of wood for the location and the climate, since these factors will affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers provide various types of sash made from timber that can be customized to fit historic openings. They can be constructed according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to custom sizes that fit with historic buildings.

Maintenance

The life of timber windows can be extended considerably through regular inspections, careful redecoration and prompt repair. The main cause of decay is moisture intrusion through deteriorated putty and paint. This can be prevented by using a quality wood preservative and painting the wood thoroughly.

It is essential that repairs to the old sash and casement windows are well executed and done with minimal disruption. Repairs can be made to the majority of traditional wooden insulated Window repair designs without removing the frame. This is a must whenever it is possible. Paint that is peeling or loose must be removed with care and sanded lightly to increase the "key" of the surface, allowing for an improved adhesion of the new coating. It is essential to not remove old paint layers, which may have historical value.

If a piece of wood is decayed the best way to deal with it is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts designed to match the existing profiles. The wood that is inserted should be treated with a wood preservative and the connection between the timber cill and the sub-cill for masonry should be sealed.

Replacement of traditional windows using PVC-u may be an appealing option, particularly when the installer provides a "one-stop shop" installation service that can handle removal and replacement within one day. However, it is essential that the person installing replacement windows has a complete understanding of the construction and history of traditional wooden frames. This will enable them to make appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technical improvements that do not alter the historical character of a building. Those providing replacement windows should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are deemed acceptable by the Building Regulations as a suitable option. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u windows that conform to original building's character. This is particularly relevant when windows are located within conservation areas or listed buildings.