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History of Buddhism

작성자 작성자 Cornelius · 작성일 작성일24-11-10 22:23 · 조회수 조회수 3

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During the reign of the Khmer King Jayavarman VII (r. King Anawrahta (1044-1078); the founder of the Pagan Empire, adopted the Theravādin Buddhist faith from Sri Lanka, building numerous Buddhist temples at his capital of Pagan. The main Buddhist influence now came directly by sea from the Indian subcontinent, so that these empires essentially followed the Mahāyāna faith. Other Indian figures include Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963), Dharmanand Kosambi (1876-1941) and Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan. Important figures in this new movement include the American convert Henry Olcott (1832-1907) and Anagarika Dharmapala (1864-1933), who promoted Buddhist schools, lay organizations and the printing of newspapers. When it comes to bags, this brand is an American favorite. Roxy was initially perceived as a swimwear line dedicated to women, but it was actually built as a spinoff brand to cater to women surfers. Buddhism in Central Asia by Baij Nath Puri, Motilal Banarsi Dass Publishers, p. Genghis Khan (c. 1162 - 1227) and his immediate successors conquered nearly all of Asia and European Russia and sent armies as far as central Europe and Southeast Asia. In 1578 Altan Khan, a Mongol military leader with ambitions to unite the Mongols and to emulate the career of Genghis Khan, invited the 3rd Dalai Lama, the head of the rising Gelug lineage to a summit.



Since this meeting, yoga originated from which country the heads of the Gelugpa school became known as Dalai Lamas. They formed an alliance that gave Altan Khan legitimacy and religious sanction for his imperial pretensions and that provided the Buddhist school with protection and patronage. Altan Khan recognized Sonam Gyatso lama as a reincarnation of Phagpa lama, gave the Tibetan leader the title of Dalai Lama ("Ocean Lama"), which his successors still hold. Altan Khan also bestowed the title Ochirdara (Очирдар, from Sanskr. Altan Khan died soon after, but in the next century Gelug Buddhism spread throughout Mongolia. Buddhist monks traveled to China from the kingdom of Funan in the 5th century CE, bringing Mahayana texts, a sign that the religion was already established in the region by this point. The modern era brought new challenges to the Buddhist religion such as the colonization of traditionally Buddhist Asian countries by Western states, which weakened the traditional political structures which supported the religion, as well as criticism and competition from Christianity. Examples include mainland kingdoms like Funan, the Khmer Empire and the Thai kingdom of Sukhothai as well as Island kingdoms like the Kalingga Kingdom, the Srivijaya Empire, Mataram and Majapahit. In the island of Java, another kingdom also promoted Mahayana Buddhist culture, the Mataram Kingdom (732-1006), a major rival of Srivijaya.



As Srivijaya expanded, Buddhism thrived and also became part of a local syncretism that incorporated several different religions such as Hinduism and other indigenous traditions. Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism were the main religions of the Khmer Empire (802-1431), a state that dominated most of the South-East Asian peninsula during its time. From the 5th to the 13th centuries, South-East Asia saw a series of powerful states which were extremely active in the promotion of Buddhism and Buddhist art alongside Hinduism. During this period a new form of Buddhism began to take shape, termed Buddhist modernism (or sometimes "Protestant Buddhism"), which tended to see the Buddha from a humanist point of view and claimed that Buddhism was a rational and scientific religion. Another modern development was the founding of the Kalmyk Khanate in the 17th century with Tibetan Buddhism as its main religion. The activities of the Mongols were conducive to the prominency of the Sakya school and then the Gelug, and to the further development of Tibeto-Mongolian culture. Since around 500 BCE, the culture of India has exerted influence on Southeast Asian countries.



The monarchs of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115-1234) also regarded Buddhism as part of their culture. Buddhism became the de facto state religion of the Yuan dynasty. During the 13th and 14th centuries, Theravada became the dominant religion of Cambodia, and monasteries replaced the local priestly classes. They have professionally trained experts, intensive roster of treatments and yoga classes to ensure complete wellbeing in your retreat holiday. Ayurveda is a "science of the life" which provides various therapeutic and healing benefits for the complete wellbeing of human body. The combo of Ayurveda and yoga is remarkable, as it lets an individual to lead a balanced life by following the most ancient and harmless practice of medicine. When starting with yoga, there will be certain postures which become the foundation of your yoga practice. Here you will be able to immerse yourself in the true essence of this Indian practice, follow a lifestyle of a yogi, become mentally, physically and emotionally balanced in life and will gain knowledge regarding the original teachings of this ancient practice. An important doctrine for these schools was hongaku (innate awakening or original enlightenment), a doctrine which was influential for all subsequent Japanese Buddhism.

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